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External Variables Effecting Vitamin Stability |
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Vitamin |
Temperature |
Humidity |
Oxygen |
Acid |
Alkaline |
Light |
| Retinol (A) | xx | x | xx | x | o | xx |
| Thiamine (B1) | x | x | x | o | xx | x |
| Riboflavin (B2) | o | x | o | o | o | x |
| Pyridoxine (B6) | xx | x | o | x | o | x |
| B12 | x | x | x | o | o | o |
| Cholecalciferol (D3) | x | x | xx | x | o | x |
| Tocopherol (E) | x | x | o | x | x | x |
| Calcium pantothenate (B5) | x | x | o | o | o | o |
| Nicotinic acid (B3) | o | o | o | o | o | o |
| Biotin (B7) | o | x | o | o | o | x |
| Folic acid (B9) | xx | x | o | xx | o | xx |
| Ascorbic acid (C) | o | xx | xx | o | x | o |
(o stable x slightly sensitive, xx very sensitive) Source: Gadient, 1986 |
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(NB: ‘very sensitive’ refers to a reduction of around 20% after variable exposure)
Relative Lost Activity of Vitamins in Commercial Premixes |
|
Lowest |
Calcium pantothenate (B5) |
| Tocopherol (E) | |
| Riboflavin (B2) | |
| Biotin (B7) | |
| Nicotinic acid (B3) | |
| Cholecalciferol (D3) | |
| Choline | |
| Folic acid (B9) | |
| B12 | |
| Thiamine (B1) | |
| Pyridoxine (B6) | |
Highest |
Retinol (A) |
Source: Shurson et al. (1996) |
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Beadlet vs. Spray Dried Product Types |
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| Characteristics |
Spray-Dried |
Beadlet |
| Stability | Medium – High | High |
| Granulometry | Fine Powder | Fine Granular |
| Homogeneity of mix | High | Medium |
| Flowability | Medium | High |
| Solubility in water | Good | Medium |
| Caking | Medium – High | Low |
Source: Frye (1994) |
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